A myocardial perfusion scan, also known as a nuclear stress test or myocardial scintigraphy, is a non-invasive imaging test that measures how much blood flows through the heart muscle. This test is used to diagnose coronary artery disease, examine how well treatments are working, and check the functioning of the heart. Doctors recommend this test when one experiences chest pain, a heart attack, or after undergoing surgery. Here is everything to know about the test:

Test procedure and results
In a nuclear stress test, a small amount of a radioactive substance (tracer) is put into the bloodstream. This tracer is then picked up by a special camera that captures images of the heart. Areas with restricted blood flow will not absorb the tracer. So, a trained radiologist or cardiologist can look at the images and check the blood flow to the heart muscle while identifying areas where the flow is restricted. Here are the results one can expect:

• All parts of the heart get adequate blood
• Restricted blood flow in some parts of the heart
• Signs of scarring or damage to the heart muscle
• Diagnosis of coronary artery disease and its severity

A trained medical professional must interpret the results, and depending on the results, one may require additional diagnostic tests.

Purpose and benefits
The myocardial perfusion scan generates images of the heart at rest and during exercise using a small amount of radioactive material and a specialized camera. By analyzing these images, doctors can check the blood flow and spot any potentially damaged or under-oxygenated areas. It gives doctors clear pictures of how the blood flows in the heart, helping them identify areas with restricted blood flow or damaged tissues. The test can help detect coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction (heart attack), and ischemic heart disease. Some of the benefits of this imaging test are:

Non-invasive: It is a non-invasive procedure that does not require any cuts.

Early diagnosis: Early detection of heart ailments is crucial for timely treatment. A myocardial perfusion scan can help doctors figure out what is wrong with the heart early on, so they can initiate the appropriate treatment to improve the patient’s health and prevent further complications.

Suitable treatment: A myocardial perfusion scan can tell doctors a lot about the severity and scope of heart disease, which helps them come up with customized treatment plans. Based on the test results, doctors can determine whether an angioplasty, a bypass surgery, or changes in prescription is required.

Cost-effective: Compared to other imaging tests, a myocardial perfusion scan can be a cost-effective way to examine the heart, as it is a non-invasive procedure that does not require hospitalization.

Cost
The cost of a myocardial perfusion scan can vary based on region, location of the facility, and insurance coverage, among other things. A nuclear stress test costs anywhere between $500 and $3,000. Depending on the results of the first scan, one may have to opt for treatments or further tests. Insurance coverage and out-of-pocket cost for a myocardial perfusion scan might differ significantly depending on variables like the insurance plan, deductible, and co-pay requirements. For information on the costs and insurance coverage for a myocardial perfusion scan, one should contact their healthcare provider and their insurance company. Some hospitals may also provide financial assistance programs or payment plans for those who require such financial assistance.

Side effects
While the imaging test is non-invasive, it can carry a few risks. Here are a few side effects one should consider:

Radiation exposure: With radioactive tracers used to perform the myocardial perfusion scan, one is exposed to a small amount of radiation. Many think that the benefits of the test usually outweigh the risk of minor radiation exposure. However, if one is pregnant or nursing, they should let the doctor know, as the radiation exposure could hurt the child.

Allergic reactions: The radioactive tracer used in the test can sometimes cause an allergic response in a small number of patients. If one experiences an allergic response, they might develop an itch or rash, have trouble breathing, or experience swelling. One should let the doctor know about these signs immediately.

Stress test effects: A myocardial perfusion scan is often carried out along with a stress test, which may involve exercise or prescriptions to exert stress on the heart. Stress tests can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or irregular heartbeat. Usually, these side effects are short-term and go away on their own, but one should let the healthcare provider know about any pain or discomfort experienced during the test.

A myocardial perfusion scan is a relatively safe and effective imaging test. However, it is important to discuss the possible risks, benefits, and costs and any pre-test instructions with the doctor before undergoing the test.